Simultaneous flowering of umbrella bamboo （Fargesia murieliae） at its native home in Central China

Introduction The life history of many bamboo species is characterized by an unusual flowering habit. They often flower and die simultaneously over wide areas at long intervals (3–120 years), and then regenerate from seed or rhizome (Janzen 1976; Liese 19…     

Branch mortality and potential litterfall from Douglas-fir trees in stands of varying density

Forest floor characteristics influence nutrient cycling and energy flow properties of forest ecosystems, and determine quality of habitat for many forest plants and animals. Differential crown recession and crown development among stands of differing density suggest that an opportunity may exist to control the input of fine woody litter into the system by manipulating stand density. The objective was to measure the rate of branch mortality among stands of differing density and to estimate the range in total per hectare necromass inputs. Although litter traps are reliable for estimating per hectare rates of litterfall, branch mortality dating on sectioned stems uniquely allows assessment of several other litterfall components: (1) individual tree contributions to total litterfall; (2) the amount of branch material released by mortality, regardless of whether the branches are shed to the forest floor; (3) the distribution of basal diameters characterizing the litterfall from a given tree and stand. Twenty-four trees were felled and sectioned on permanent plots that were part of a silvicultural study of stand density regimes in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco.). Whorl branches were dissected out of bole sections to determine the dates of mortality, and a branch biomass equation was applied to estimate potential rate of litterfall. Periodic annual rates were expressed in four ways: (1) number of branches per tree; (2) mass of branches per tree; (3) mass of branches per unit of crown projection area; (4) mass of branches per hectare. For the growth periods investigated, larger trees and trees growing on denser plots tended to release a greater necromass through branch mortality. Average branch basal diameter generally decreased with increasing stand density. Annual branch mortality ranged from 33 to 430 g m⁻² crown projection area for individual trees, and from 236 to 1035 kg ha⁻¹ for individual plots. These rates approached the low end of the range of previously published fine litterfall rates for Douglas-fir. Rates on these plots were relatively low owing to the temporary delay in crown recession imposed by artificial thinning. A conceptual model of branch litter dynamics is presented to depict consistencies with crown development among stands managed under different density regimes.     

浙江省园林蚧虫名录

根据多年在主要园林植物上调查采集的蚧虫标本，结合文献资料，初步整理出浙江省园林蚧虫的种类、分布及其寄主。共记栽浙江省园林蚧虫１２科９３属２０８种，其中旌蚧科１属１种。珠蚧科６属９种，粉蚧科１３属１８种，绒蚧科１属５种，胶蚧科３属４种，绛蚧科１属３种，链蚧科４属１５种，壶蚧科２属４种，球链蚧科１尾１种，蚧科１５属３０种，仁蚧科１属１种，盾蚧科４６属１１７科。     

试论森林可持续经营单元的时空尺度

尺度选择是科学研究的重要环节。本文评析传统森林经营单元的时空尺度选择特征及其局限性,指出为了实现森林可持续经营与发展,应该引进新的尺度观念,扩展森林经营单元的基本时空尺度。在简析景观管理与一般可持续发展研究关系基础上,从镶嵌体稳定和动态整体优化、对生物多样性保护工作的融合、生态服务功能表现的尺度依赖特征、采伐等行业实践的景观尺度影响、与其他景观尺度土地可持续管理工作的协调等角度重点论证景观尺度对于设计、管理以及度量森林可持续经营的独特价值;同时提出并初步讨论流域生态区、生态周期以及与景观相对应的世代尺度等时间尺度在森林可持续经营与发展中的应用。     

四种杀虫剂对橡胶盔蚧的防效试验

2004年8月进行4种杀虫剂对橡胶盔蚧的防效试验,结果表明40%杀扑磷乳油800倍液、2.5%杀蚧乳油 800 倍液、2.5% 蛛八蚧乳油 800～1　000 倍液、40% 氧化乐果乳油 800 倍液对橡胶盔蚧 1、2 龄若虫效果显著,14d 的防效均在91.3%以上;4种药剂的 800倍液对3龄若虫、成虫的试验结果,40%杀扑磷施药后 14d 防效为 64.7%,对成虫无效;对橡胶树无药害。     

民勤绿洲枣树、杨树防护林经济效益对比分析

对民勤绿洲枣树林带、杨树林带及其防护下的作物进行经济效益对比分析 ,结果表明 :枣树林带防护下小麦的产量比杨树下的高 7.9% ,玉米的产量比杨树下的高 4 .2 % ;枣树林带胁地范围比杨树林带小 3～ 6m ;枣树林带的年均净收入是 6 584 .2 3元 / (hm2 林网 ) ,投入产出比是 9.2 8,分别是杨树林带的 16 .7倍和 3.78倍。枣树林带相对杨树林带经济效益明显。近林带 30m的范围内作物的产量曲线呈“S”型 ,可分为强烈减产带、平稳过渡带和产量恢复带。适宜在民勤地区大力推广经济型枣树防护林     

华北地区经济树种蚧害研究

对华北地区经济树种蚧虫的种类区系、发生和分布规律及为害特点进行了系统研究。据调查，现已知华北经济树种蚧虫共有９科１２２种。随纬度增高、立地条件恶化、植物群落简单、人为活动频繁、管理水平粗放，蚧虫种类增多，为害严重。一般情况下，观赏树木受害普遍，温室植物受害严重，果树及平原地区林木部分受害，山地森林受害轻微。     

黄脊竹蝗空间格局及抽样技术的初步研究

本文采用聚集度指标法和回归分析法，对黄脊竹蝗在林间的空间格局进行测定，并采用刀切法给出了聚集度指标的估计区间，3次设计最优拟合提高了回归模型参数的精度；结果表明，黄脊竹蝗在林间为聚集分布，分布的基本成分是个体群。     

美国白蛾寄生性天敌昆虫利用技术

首先调查寄生性天敌昆虫种类及生物学特性 ,其次在防治措施上力求保护天敌昆虫 ,并人工助迁或规模化繁育天敌昆虫用于生产防治 ,同时要合理配置植物群落 ,创造天敌昆虫生存与繁衍的有利条件 ,增强自然控制能力 ,达到可持续控制。